The influence of the built environment on real world car energy efficiency

Abstract

To reduce CO2 emissions and safeguard our energy security, we need to electrify our car-fleet, increase its efficiency, and limit car-dependence. This paper therefore answers the following research question: How and to what extent are features of residential neighborhoods and their residents currently related to energy relevant car type choice? For this purpose, it analyzes Dutch vehicles’ real-world energy consumption with a multilevel discrete choice model of fuel- and weight-preferences in one- and multicar households. Small, lower-income, female households in non-green (urban) environments tended to own light, efficient vehicles. Households with a private parking spot tended to own heavy, electric vehicles. Lastly, households with multiple cars tended to live in non-urban areas and to prefer heavier vehicles. These correlations imply that studies that omit vehicle energy efficiency underestimate the environmental impact of urban planning interventions. However, improving vehicle testing procedures may be a more effective energysaving strategy.