The effects of pricing and service configurations on a ride-pooling service with pick-up and drop-off points

Abstract

We investigate how the pricing of ride-pooling with pick-up and drop-off (PUDO) locations affects its level of service and operating costs when comparing to its competition such as private ride-hailing and door-to-door ride-pooling. We also examine how demand levels and the service settings affect these performance indicators. To this end, we extend an exact matching algorithm to the case of ride-pooling with PUDO and conduct experiments for the case of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We find that total traveller utility can be further improved by 2.0% while reducing total vehicle hours by 2.2% when the discount offered for ride-pooling with PUDO is significantly larger than for door-to-door ride-pooling.