Optimal planning model for shared charging stations considering spatial heterogeneity and multi-types of chargers: Evidence from Barcelona

Abstract

To further improve the development of electric vehicles (EVs), this research proposes a model based on continuous approximation (CA) for the optimal planning of shared charging stations. By considering spatial heterogeneity and multi-types of chargers, the planning optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem (MINLP) with objective to minimize the total time spent on charging related activities, which are composed of two parts named travel time and waiting time, under both budget and power supply constraints. A new planning variable, number of fast chargers per station has been incorporated with density and capacity of the charging station. Results from Barcelona case study show strong potential of the proposed planning model on reducing overall total time spent on charging related activities with less investment budget compared with the current layout, highlighting the significance of considering spatial heterogeneity when planning shared charging facilities.