Exploring the spatiotemporal impact of e-shopping usage within SuperApps on daily time use

Abstract

This study investigates the spatiotemporal effects of e-shopping on daily time use, utilizing data collected among Indonesian Transport-SuperApp users as a case study in four Indonesian cities. Using data from a one-week time-use and app-use diaries and a Multiple Discrete-continuous model, the study examines variations across weekends and weekdays and between in-home and out-of-home activities. It explores how the timing of e-shopping (weekday/weekend) influences time use and employs simulations to evaluate the impact of e-shopping. Results confirm the rebound effects of e-shopping, with weekday usage substituting out-of-home maintenance tasks while boosting mandatory and leisure activities. Simulations indicate that increased usage leads to more substantial reductions in out-of-home maintenance activities in smaller cities. It also reshapes time allocation patterns, particularly in larger cities, which experience the most significant decreases in out-of-home activity durations. Overall, e-shopping contributes to a modest rise in total in-home activities, with leisure seeing the most notable growth.