Promoting complementarity between micromobility services and public transportation in Amsterdam

Abstract

The emergence of shared micromobilty has been presented as a solution to the first-/last-mile problem. However, different observations show that instead of making Public Transportation more attractive, micromobility is in competition with sustainable travel alternatives. This paper presents a simulation framework based on MnMS (Multimodal network Modelling and Simulation) to evaluate the competition between shared emoped and PT in Amsterdam. Virtual stations are spread in the road network to simulate the free-floating emoped service more efficiently. The PT alternatives make use of the subway, bus, and tramway lines. Some regulations are then proposed to foster complementarity between the two modes: the reduction of the fleet size and the taxation and subsidy of trips. Taxing emoped-only trips and subsidizing combined trips by 1€ increases the share of trips using both PT and emoped from 1.6% to 7.5%.