A new Approach of Park-and-Ride within Travel Demand Modeling

Abstract

Park-and-ride (PR) facilities provide parking lots near public transport stops to allow intermodal trips. In metropolitan regions intermodal trips are one measure to provide more sustainable mobility. However, modelling PR-trips in macroscopic travel demand models becomes difficult since two distinct modes are used within one trip. Most mode choice models require independent alternatives which is not the case with trips using private and public transport. This paper introduces a new approach of PR modeling within zonal based macroscopic travel demand modes. Zonal connectors are introduced with capacities representing the number of parking lots at a PR facility. Under saturated conditions this approach will lead to more realistic results than previous approaches. However, it is only applicable for cases with catchment areas by car near the trip origin. The advantages of modelling all demand strata outweigh the limitations due to the distribution of the parking space capacities among the traffic zones.