Space-time accessibility and equity in multimodal supernetwork: a case study in Rotterdam-The Hauge metropolitan area

Abstract

Space-time prism (STP) is an essential concept in time geography and has been predominately constructed in unimodal transport networks. Because of the vast trip chaining options by private vehicles and public transportation, it was challenging to construct STP over multimodal transportation networks. An efficient method has been put forward to narrow down the action space for trip chaining and construct STP efficiently in a multimodal supernetwork. This study applies the multimodal STP modeling for space-time accessibility and equity analysis with two accessibility indicators and two equity metrics to examine for a common activity in the Rotterdam-The Hague metropolitan area, the Netherlands. We found that multimodal trip chaining improves accessibility, especially for those without a car. Based on the accessibility indicators, Gini coefficients and the 20:20 ratios of the 20% richest people and 20% poorest people show that the study area has low inequity, and multimodal trip chaining can improve equity.