Electric Vehicle Adoption in the Context of Household Fleet Choice: the Case of the Netherlands

Abstract

This study uses data from the 2018, 2019 and 2020 Dutch National Travel Surveys and employs a multinomial logit regression model to examine the relationship between the household characteristic and the adoption of different types of electric vehicles (EVs) in the context of the household car fleet. Our results show that battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have the smallest sub-user groups. Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are more likely to be owned by one-car households, while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and BEVs tend to be leased by two-car households. PHEV and BEV adoption mostly occurs in highly urbanized areas. In particular, higher education and higher income are the main factors for BEV adoption in one-car household, respectively. Moreover, a 2020 COVID-19 effect shows that people were inclined to adopt BEVs and HEVs in that year and that BEVs appeal to a wider user group.