Factors influencing ride-sourcing usage: An ordered hybrid choice model

Abstract

The emergence of ride-sourcing has substantially changed transportation services in the last decade. In a developing country such as Indonesia, where buses and rail system is not extensive enough, ride-sourcing has a great impact on paratransit and other transportation modes. This situation raises the question on whether ride-sourcing could weaken the role of urban public transport in Indonesia, particularly in Bandung. Thus, the objective of the paper is to investigate factors influencing ride-sourcing usage in Bandung. We distributed a questionnaire randomly to 497 respondents in Bandung. We also enquired our respondents on their travel and waiting time both in average, as well as the cost of the used mode We also gave several questions regarding attitudes of the subjects towards their ride-sourcing, in which from the principal component analysis, we have obtained six factors: reliability, fare, comfort, availability, accessibility, and service. From these six factors, we incorporate reliability and factors in the ordered hybrid choice model (OHCM). The independent variables for HCM are travel time, waiting time, travel cost (generic), two latent attitudinal factors for ride-sourcing and socio-demographic characteristics (age, and gender). We found that two latent variables are significant in ride-sourcing choice. Cost is proven to be negative in significance as expected, while waiting time is insignificant. Travel time is significant with positive sign. Age is found to be significant while gender is not.